presidio-hardened-x402

v0.9.1 — security patch: dependency-audit floors for click/setuptools, missing-payment-header log exposure hardening, and setup-uv v8.3.2 CI action pin.

Security middleware for the x402 payment protocol.

Intercepts x402 payment requests before transmission to servers and facilitators to enforce:

• PII redaction — Presidio-based detection and redaction of personal data (emails, names, SSNs, credit cards, etc.) from payment metadata fields before they are sent to the payment server or facilitator API
• Spending policy — per-agent, per-endpoint, and per-time-window budget limits that block or throttle payments before execution
• Replay detection — HMAC-SHA256 fingerprinting of canonical payment fields to prevent duplicate and replayed payments; case-canonicalised on pay_to and currency (v0.4.0)
• Audit logging — HMAC-chained JSON-L audit trail for every payment attempt (including blocked ones)
• Multi-party authorization — n-of-m approval requirement for high-value payments, via webhook or HMAC-SHA256 cryptographic countersignature modes (v0.3.0)
• Prometheus metrics — structured telemetry for every security control activation (v0.3.0)
• Remote screening — opt-in remote_screening=True mode offloads PII analysis to the hosted screen.presidio-group.eu service via ScreeningClient; avoids the in-process spaCy dependency (v0.4.0)
• Per-origin wallet allowlist — per-origin pay_to allowlist blocks payments to attacker-controlled addresses when a DNS-poisoned 402 response substitutes the recipient (chain-06 mitigation) (v0.4.0)
• Rail-agnostic core + binding layer — the screening pipeline (ScreeningPipeline) is payment-protocol-independent; everything x402-specific lives in bindings/x402. Embed on a different rail by implementing PaymentProtocolBinding — the security guarantees travel with the core (v0.5.0)
• OEM embed kit — semver/stability guarantees, partner-runnable conformance suite (python -m presidio_x402.conformance, 7 end-to-end checks, no network), and integration quickstarts for Coinbase CDP, LangChain, and CrewAI (v0.5.0)
• Enterprise hardening — per-tenant replay namespaces, remote audit sinks, signed evidence verification, OpenTelemetry spans, hot-reloadable policy, release provenance, and latency-SLO CI gates (v0.6.0)

Part of the presidio-hardened-* toolkit family.

---

Installation

pip install presidio-hardened-x402

For full NLP-based PII detection (PERSON, ORG, location, etc.):

pip install "presidio-hardened-x402[nlp]"
python -m spacy download en_core_web_sm

For production replay guard with cross-process deduplication:

pip install "presidio-hardened-x402[redis]"

For Prometheus metrics export:

pip install "presidio-hardened-x402[prometheus]"

For policy-as-code schema validation:

pip install "presidio-hardened-x402[schema]"

---

Quick Start

Before (bare x402 — no security controls)

import httpx

async def pay_and_fetch(url: str, signer) -> httpx.Response:
    async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
        resp = await client.get(url)
        if resp.status_code == 402:
            payment_details = parse_402_header(resp.headers)
            # No PII check. No policy check. No replay check.
            payment_token = await signer.sign(payment_details)
            resp = await client.get(url, headers={"X-PAYMENT": payment_token})
        return resp

After (presidio-hardened-x402)

from presidio_x402 import HardenedX402Client

async def my_signer(details):
    # Your existing signing logic (eth-account, solders, CDP SDK, etc.)
    ...

client = HardenedX402Client(
    payment_signer=my_signer,
    policy={
        "max_per_call_usd": 0.10,
        "daily_limit_usd": 5.0,
        "per_endpoint": {"https://api.example.com": 1.0},
    },
    pii_action="redact",          # redact | block | warn
    pii_entities=["EMAIL_ADDRESS", "PERSON", "US_SSN", "CREDIT_CARD"],
    replay_ttl=300,               # seconds
)

response = await client.get("https://api.example.com/resource")

What happens transparently:

1. Client sends GET /resource → server returns 402 with payment details
2. PIIFilter scans resource URL, description, and reason fields; redacts any PII
3. PolicyEngine checks: amount ≤ per-call limit? daily spend within budget? endpoint limit OK?
4. ReplayGuard checks: have we paid this exact request within the TTL window?
5. AuditLog records the attempt (pass or block) as a tamper-evident JSON-L entry
6. If all checks pass, signer is called → payment header sent → resource returned

---

Configuration

Policy

from presidio_x402 import HardenedX402Client, PolicyConfig

policy = PolicyConfig(
    max_per_call_usd=0.05,         # block if maxAmountRequired > this
    daily_limit_usd=2.00,          # block if 24h aggregate spend would exceed this
    per_endpoint={
        "https://premium-api.io": 0.50,  # per-endpoint daily limit
    },
    window_seconds=86400,          # time window for aggregate limits (default: 24h)
    agent_id="my-agent-v1",        # tag audit events with an agent identifier
)

client = HardenedX402Client(payment_signer=signer, policy=policy)

PII Filter

# regex mode (default, zero-setup): catches structured PII
client = HardenedX402Client(
    payment_signer=signer,
    pii_mode="regex",
    pii_entities=["EMAIL_ADDRESS", "PHONE_NUMBER", "US_SSN", "CREDIT_CARD"],
    pii_action="redact",
)

# nlp mode: full spaCy NER (requires: pip install presidio-hardened-x402[nlp])
client = HardenedX402Client(
    payment_signer=signer,
    pii_mode="nlp",
    pii_entities=["EMAIL_ADDRESS", "PERSON", "LOCATION", "US_SSN"],
    pii_action="block",     # raise PIIBlockedError instead of redacting
)

Replay Guard

# In-memory (default, single-process)
client = HardenedX402Client(payment_signer=signer, replay_ttl=300)

# Redis-backed (production, cross-process)
client = HardenedX402Client(
    payment_signer=signer,
    replay_ttl=300,
    redis_url="redis://localhost:6379/0",
)

Audit Log

import sys
from presidio_x402 import HardenedX402Client
from presidio_x402.audit_log import StreamAuditWriter

client = HardenedX402Client(
    payment_signer=signer,
    audit_writer=StreamAuditWriter(sys.stdout),   # write JSON-L to stdout
)

---

Multi-Party Authorization (v0.3.0)

For high-value payments that require human or system oversight before execution:

from presidio_x402 import HardenedX402Client
from presidio_x402.mpa import MPAConfig, MPAApproverConfig, MPAEngine

mpa = MPAEngine(MPAConfig(
    threshold=2,               # require 2 of 3 approvals
    min_amount_usd=1.00,       # only for payments ≥ $1.00
    timeout_seconds=30,
    approvers=[
        MPAApproverConfig("alice", mode="webhook",
                          webhook_url="https://approvals.internal/alice"),
        MPAApproverConfig("bob",   mode="webhook",
                          webhook_url="https://approvals.internal/bob"),
        MPAApproverConfig("charlie", mode="webhook",
                          webhook_url="https://approvals.internal/charlie"),
    ],
))

client = HardenedX402Client(payment_signer=signer, mpa_engine=mpa)

Approval endpoints receive a POST with payment details and must return {"approved": true}. For machine-to-machine approvals, use mode="crypto" with HMAC-SHA256 countersignatures and pass them via mpa_signatures={"approver_id": "hex_sig", ...} in the request kwargs.

---

Prometheus Metrics (v0.3.0)

from presidio_x402 import HardenedX402Client
from presidio_x402.metrics import MetricsCollector

collector = MetricsCollector()
client = HardenedX402Client(payment_signer=signer, metrics_collector=collector)

# Expose /metrics endpoint (e.g., FastAPI)
from prometheus_client import generate_latest, CONTENT_TYPE_LATEST

@app.get("/metrics")
def metrics():
    return Response(generate_latest(), media_type=CONTENT_TYPE_LATEST)

Available metrics: x402_payments_total, x402_payment_amount_usd (histogram), x402_pii_detections_total, x402_policy_violations_total, x402_replay_detections_total, x402_mpa_events_total.

---

Policy-as-Code (v0.3.0)

Define spending policy in a TOML or JSON file and validate it against the x402 policy JSON Schema:

# policy.toml
max_per_call_usd = 0.10
daily_limit_usd  = 5.00
agent_id         = "my-agent"

[per_endpoint]
"https://premium-api.io" = 0.50

[mpa]
threshold       = 2
min_amount_usd  = 1.00
timeout_seconds = 30

[[mpa.approvers]]
approver_id = "alice"
mode        = "webhook"
webhook_url = "https://approvals.internal/alice"

from presidio_x402.x402_policy_schema import load_policy_file

policy = load_policy_file("policy.toml")
client = HardenedX402Client(payment_signer=signer, policy=policy)

---

Remote Screening (v0.4.0)

Offload PII analysis to the hosted screen.presidio-group.eu service. Useful when you want to keep the agent process small (no in-process spaCy model) and centralise screening policy across many agents.

from presidio_x402 import HardenedX402Client

client = HardenedX402Client(
    payment_signer=signer,
    remote_screening=True,
    screening_api_key="...",   # obtain by registering at screen.presidio-group.eu
)

The free tier serves the regex-mode screening backend at 100 screenings/day per key. Falls back to local regex / NLP modes if the network is unhealthy, so the client never hard-fails on a screening-service outage.

Per-origin wallet allowlist (v0.4.0)

Defence against DNS-poisoning attacks that substitute the recipient wallet in a 402 response. Configure the trusted pay_to addresses per resource origin:

client = HardenedX402Client(
    payment_signer=signer,
    trusted_wallets={
        "https://api.example.com": {"0xAbC...123"},
    },
)

Payments to a pay_to not in the allowlist for the response's origin are blocked before signing.

---

Kubernetes Deployment (v0.3.0)

Deploy as a sidecar using the bundled Helm chart:

helm install x402 ./helm \
  --set x402.agentId=my-agent \
  --set x402.maxPerCallUsd=0.10 \
  --set x402.dailyLimitUsd=5.00 \
  --set serviceMonitor.enabled=true

See docs/soc2-reference-architecture.md for SOC 2 TSC mapping, GDPR obligations, and deployment patterns.

---

SLO Payment Broker (v0.7.0)

Market-based SLO enforcement: when infrastructure degrades, the agent autonomously pays for a capacity upgrade via x402 micropayments instead of relying on pre-provisioned autoscaling. The broker acts only on a verified degradation signal — a signed evidence-ref@1 from a trusted presidio-hardened-arch-translucency signer — so a spoofed or misconfigured signal cannot trigger a payment (authorization, not metric).

from presidio_x402 import (
    HardenedX402Client, SLOPaymentBroker, SLOPaymentPolicy,
    X402CapacityProvider, ArchTranslucencyAdapter,
)

# arch-translucency's signed degradation feed → verified trigger (fail-closed).
adapter = ArchTranslucencyAdapter(
    {"presidio-hardened-arch-translucency": {"alg": "ed25519", "public_key": ARCH_PUB}},
    expected_signers=["presidio-hardened-arch-translucency"],
)
client = HardenedX402Client(payment_signer=signer)
broker = SLOPaymentBroker(
    client=client,
    slo_policy=SLOPaymentPolicy(
        cooldown_seconds=300,            # anti-drain
        max_per_slo_event_usd=0.50,
        max_daily_slo_usd=10.00,
        tier_escalation_rules=(1.0, 2.0, 4.0),  # step-up pricing for repeated degradation
    ),
    provider=X402CapacityProvider("compute", "https://compute.example/v1/capacity", client),
    base_event_usd=0.10,
)

for trigger in adapter.build_triggers(signed_envelope):  # verified or skipped
    await broker.handle_trigger(trigger)   # → paid / blocked / skipped, with audit event

The signing key lives in a separate bridge sidecar (arch-translucency stays key-less); x402 holds only the public key. The wire contract is pinned by the evidence-ref@1 golden-vector tests shared with arch-translucency.

---

Decision-ref emission (payment-decision@1)

A decision-ref is a signed, portable record of one payment decision that a third party verifies offline — without re-running the gateway. It binds the per-control gate verdicts (pii → trusted_wallet → policy → replay → mpa), the hashed inputs, and the effective policy hash into the family evidence-ref@1 envelope, with a thin, recomputable decision_ref correlation id. Emission is opt-in and off by default; when no emitter is configured, behaviour is byte-identical to prior releases and no decision-ref code runs. There is no network I/O on the emit path.

from presidio_x402 import HardenedX402Client, DecisionRefEmitter, verify_decision_ref
from presidio_x402.decision_ref import FileDecisionRefWriter

# Signer independence is claim-critical: a policy/approval identity distinct from the
# payment wallet — a self-signed record fails closed on verify (signer_equals_runtime).
emitter = DecisionRefEmitter(
    signing_key=POLICY_PRIVATE_KEY_HEX,          # Ed25519 (or an HMAC secret)
    signer="presidio-hardened-x402-policy",
    writer=FileDecisionRefWriter("/var/log/x402-decisions.jsonl"),
)
client = HardenedX402Client(payment_signer=signer, decision_ref_emitter=emitter)
# ... one signed payment-decision@1 record is emitted per paid payment.

# Verify offline against a pinned trust store (fail-closed, distinct reasons):
result = verify_decision_ref(envelope, {"presidio-hardened-x402-policy":
    {"alg": "ed25519", "public_key": POLICY_PUBLIC_KEY_HEX}})
assert result.ok and result.verdict == "ALLOW"

The verifier checks signature, hash integrity, that the recorded verdict re-derives from the recorded controls (verdict == f(controls) — the line between attested and admissible), that the signer is not the actor's own controller (self-approval fails closed), and — when the spending policy came from a capability chain (capability-grant@1) — parent linkage to the chain's terminal grant_hash. A minimal offline CLI is provided:

python -m presidio_x402.decision_ref envelope.jsonl trust-store.json

Honest bound. A decision-ref proves what the library concluded under a declared predicate, tamper-evidently and recomputably. It does not prove the process was uncompromised or that the declared controls are the real controls (no TEE claim). Wire format and decision_ref derivation are pinned by the conformance fixture under tests/conformance/decision-ref/ and the design note plan/presidio-evidence-decision-ref-design.md.

Provisioning Metadata Redaction

Capacity-upgrade requests can reveal workload type, data classification, or access pattern. Those heuristics are intentionally opt-in so ordinary payment metadata keeps the v0.6 false-positive profile.

from presidio_x402 import PIIFilter, PROVISIONING_ENTITIES

filt = PIIFilter(
    entities=list(PROVISIONING_ENTITIES),
    redaction_template="<{entity_type}>",
)

clean, entities = filt.scan_and_redact(
    "ml training workload over CONFIDENTIAL data: SELECT email FROM customers"
)
# clean:
# "<WORKLOAD_CLASS> workload over <DATA_CLASSIFICATION> data: <QUERY_PATTERN>"

---

Exceptions

Exception	Raised when
PIIBlockedError	PII detected in metadata and pii_action="block"
PolicyViolationError	Payment amount or aggregate spend exceeds configured limit
ReplayDetectedError	Payment fingerprint matches a recent transaction
X402PaymentError	Upstream payment signing or network error
MPADeniedError	Multi-party authorization required but not enough approvals received
MPATimeoutError	Multi-party authorization webhook approval timed out

All exceptions are importable from presidio_x402.

---

Research Artifacts

Artifact	Location	Description
Synthetic corpus	vstantch/x402-pii-corpus on Hugging Face · corpus/	2,000 labelled x402 metadata triples; generator (generate.py, seed=42) + metadata (corpus_meta.json); raw JSONL reproducible from seed
Precision/recall sweep	experiments/	42-configuration grid search (run_sweep.py); latency benchmark (run_latency.py)
Dune Analytics queries	dune/	6 Trino SQL queries used to characterise the live x402 ecosystem (20 projects, 96 wallets, 11 chains, ≥79M transactions); see dune/README.md

---

Roadmap

Version	Milestone
v0.1.0	PII redaction + spending policy + replay detection
v0.2.0	Synthetic corpus + 42-configuration precision/recall sweep, LangChain/CrewAI adapters, compliance report · arXiv:2604.11430
v0.2.1	Live ecosystem characterisation via Dune Analytics (20 projects, 96 wallets, 11 chains, ≥79M transactions); IEEE S&P magazine article submitted; IEEE TIFS paper under review · Corpus: v0.2.1/dataport/, Hugging Face, IEEE DataPort (doi:10.21227/kpsz-nq73)
v0.3.0	Multi-party authorization (mpa.py: n-of-m, webhook + crypto modes) · Policy-as-code JSON Schema (IETF draft candidate) · Prometheus metrics exporter · Kubernetes Helm chart + Docker image · SOC2 reference architecture
v0.4.0	Screening API launch — hosted screen.presidio-group.eu free tier (regex mode, 100 req/day) · ScreeningClient + remote_screening=True mode · per-origin pay_to allowlist (chain-06 mitigation) · audit-cycle hardening (F-A/B 2026-05-03, F-C/D/E 2026-05-10, F1/F2/F3 2026-05-17); see CHANGELOG.md
v0.5.0	OEM embed kit — rail-agnostic ScreeningPipeline core + bindings/x402 layer (PaymentProtocolBinding protocol, hedge against rail fragmentation: ACP/Tempo, AP2) · SEMVER.md stability guarantees · partner conformance suite (python -m presidio_x402.conformance) · CDP/LangChain/CrewAI quickstarts · SBOM in CI · freshness-bound MPA countersignatures (F-8)
v0.6.0	Production hardening + evidence substrate — multi-tenant replay namespaces · enterprise audit sinks (S3 / Splunk / Datadog) · signed evidence-ref@1 verification · SLSA/OIDC release provenance · digest-pinned Docker base + hash-pinned spaCy model · latency SLO and all-matrix coverage CI gates · OTel spans · policy hot-reload · startup key gates · human-pentest retest closure
v0.7.0	SLO payment broker (library) — x402 micropayments as runtime infrastructure bids: SLOPaymentBroker + SLOPaymentPolicy + evidence-anchored ArchTranslucencyAdapter + provisioning PII entities; cross-repo validated against presidio-hardened-arch-translucency. cs.DC preprint + empirical eval tracked separately
v0.8.0	PII completeness + supply-chain hardening (library) — nlp mode is now a structural superset of regex (no structured-identifier misses) · composed-envelope screen_ref leg · action_ref byte-determinism (NFC + non-empty entity sets) · URL-redacted log hygiene · OpenSSF Scorecard workflow/badge + SLSA Build L3 provenance · independent multi-round security audit cleared
v0.9.1	Security patch — dependency-audit floors for click / setuptools, missing-payment-header log exposure hardening, and setup-uv v8.3.2 CI action pin — latest release
v0.9.0	Proof-carrying x402 evidence — capability-grant@1 attenuable spending grants + opt-in payment-decision@1 decision refs with raw-offer digest binding, fail-closed offline verification, capability-chain provenance linkage, and PII-free emitted records
Future	Deferred #23 prompt-injection / agent-bound response scanning threat-model work

See PRESIDIO-REQ.md for full deliberation and rationale.

---

License

MIT

---

SDLC

This repository is developed under the Presidio hardened-family SDLC: https://github.com/presidio-v/presidio-hardened-docs/blob/main/sdlc/sdlc-report.md.